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Posted by zaczac on 04/19/2006 10:16
Modern physics offers us new directions of thought for discussing the human psyche. For example, the term of psychological “time”. If we apply these new analytic tools to this term, we can understand it anew and learn about man’s perception of authenticity, truth, matter, etc. from it.
The theory that I offer can contribute to a new understanding in the field of consciousness, fantasy research and psychology. Following Lacan’s psychological – structuralistic theory, which tries to understand the subject-object interaction in terms of language, speech, etc., I am trying to develop new ideas concerning consciousness, in which the central question is whether the subject can be seen as a person that incorporates “parallel universes” in his consciousness (i.e. the aggregate of unrealized possibilities of current presence) and therefore an examination of these universes, in terms of time and space, can teach us about the reality of psychological regression. In view of this, the term of “time” assumes a new meaning – it is no longer Newton’s linear, physical time but Einsteinian time-space. Therefore regression is not going “back” but it is a bringing of non-actual experience of the experiencer into actual consciousness. Therefore regression is not to be considered a metaphor but an actual experiencing that is performed by psychoanalysis. Because this requires and is performed only by the therapist - patient relationship, it is in fact the therapist’s holding of the patient, a holding that preserves both of them in actuality, but brings “parallel universes” into the consciousness of the patient, to which he may “develop”.
In this respect I am trying to describe the psychological concepts of normalcy, neurosis, psychosis according to the location of active consciousness on the continuum of possibilities between her and now (concrete, actual time-space containing the therapist – patient relationship – tryer – tryee) and those possible different “universes” that have not been realized as concrete: the ego understands the existence of uniform, continuous time on a continuum. The ego incorporates the aggregate of experiences and feelings into a complete, time-sensitive existence.
The unconscious – what could be but has not been discovered to be actual. This is a supra-temporal part. Pre-consciousness – everything that is actually possible. Superego – the definer of normal in the social dimension by the collective and consensus. By analysis, the ego component strengthens through filling up with the components that the ego itself does not perceive to be actual or genuinely belonging to it. By regression, the ego tries out the pre-conscious and unconscious – whatever could happen but has not.
About truth
Philosophy examines, inter alia, the concept of truth. What is true? What is moral? In my opinion, the truth according to Lacan is a situation in which the speaker has an equilibrium between the parts of the subject. This equilibrium is mentioned in my previous article about the shaft and cogs of randomness. This can be interpreted and clarified as no cohesion occurring between the I and the me (the self , composed of arrangements: The symbolic and imaginary true). In effect, this is a Heideggerian situation of atomization in the subject (the book of Bryan Magee “the Great Philosophers” is indicated for understanding the concept). In my theory this is a state of equilibrium between the forces that I have and will discuss, i.e. between the different universes as a subject.
Of good and esthetics
In Lacan’s theory, I am still lacking the element of morality. This element is important for understanding the theoretical complexity that I am publicizing here. It is possible that i may encounter it later in the investigation of this theory. In any case, I hypothesize that the distinction between good and bad, i.e. a moral experience, has an esthetical background. It is more precise to term it the esthetic experience. In other words, esthetics is a connection of components of the subject, object, and most importantly – morality.
Of the structure of the psyche
A narcissistic need is inter alia a need for a connection of the body to Lacan’s observation. A narcissistic need can be interpreted as a need for warmth and concern from a maternal object. It is a primary need that is characterized by attachment to an object, discharge of aggression and inducing of pleasure on the part of the object. In other words, the maternal breast is the object and the impulse of aggressiveness, death and pleasure is projected onto it. I wish to add that this is that need for the connection of the body, the observation, time and space. A need with a physical contact of definitions of mass, weight, space, time and non-randomness.
Lacan asserts that reality is built up mainly of images with visual contest. I assert that not is not just this. The newborn is exposed to noise, diaphragmatic movement, heartbeats, rhythmic flow of food and excretion (and contact with amniotic fluid) while still in utero. What I assert is that this engenders a primary physicist that is recorded in the brain through matrices of neurons as part of the learning process, i.e. neuron synapses form in the brain. This is the human rhythmus. This generator is very important for our existence. An infant placed on his mother enjoys her helping him define the concept of time. This effectively builds the cornerstone of memory.
What is important for the cognition of the newborn is the combination of memory and time combined with sensory input, which form the perception of movement. And other aspect of Lacanic complexity (the appearance phase).
Aggressiveness on the part of the great other along with synthesis of senses (synthesis is a situation in which a stimulus activates two or more senses) along with the time principle form the doubt principle. “Maybe I am wrong”.
According to the doubt principle, what is important for the newborn are concepts of time and space in language. The words start, middle and end. Thee help him return to existence in the collective universe.
The effect of relativity theory on the outline of the theory
In effect, modern physics is divided between interpretations and quantum theory (complimentarity) and relativity theory of the connection between mass and energy.
The conversion of mass into energy can be translated by Lacanic terms, and an interesting connection may be formed to lay down the parallel and its theoretical results.
It is assumed that the subject is formed from cosmic energy. In other words, we can be aware that our life experiences can originate from prior awareness of though being energy.
Therefore, it can be assumed that at the beginning of our live, we are aware of energies around us and that our thoughts can be described in terms of electrons.
As a result of this, human stress can be described as a tension between mass awareness and energy awareness. In other words, the subject moves from a situation of the object being interpreted in energetic terms and a state of interpretation in terms of mass, the currently employed term. In effect, an object provides a definition of space with borders so that we can imagine the object as a mass rather than energy.
How is the object definition state defined as a mass in utero?
The function of the skin of the newborn and the amniotic fluid of the mother may manifest here. The contact of the newborn with amniotic fluid effectively forms the human definition of space. Thoughts as electrons are defined as where they will move to due to the objective spatial limits of amniotic fluid. In other words, there is a clash of energy in the body of mass (amniotic fluid).
This structural description may be continued for this theoretical direction. However, these two approaches may be combined.
According to the parallelism theory (parallel universes), we need the definition of time in order to exist in the collective human universe in which time is defined forwards. According to the relativity theory, from the object we need the definition of the location of our continued thought. Just as the child needs an escort to help him cross the road, thought as an electron needs space in order to move in a certain direction.
These definitions may be combined. Human thought moves from a phase of a split (paralleling) to progression in space (relativity). Here there is dependence on time forward or backward for every theory, for which reading is required.
In any case, a significant tier is added to the definition of the subject, which is the concept of pace. Thought needs a place in an object in order to exist. If so, the narcissistic need can be described as a definition of time and the need for a definition of time as having limits in order to turn energetic thought into an input concentrated into a notion that everything is mass.
The space definition factor may not be found in the psychotic and esthetic experience.
(regression is a state in which relations with reality are disconnected, there is a return to earlier time, i.e. walking in a negative time and turning cosmic energy towards parallel universes).
Progression - time is a positive future, turning energy towards a place of connection to the reality that another person provides.)
In other words, psychosis and neurosis can be described in such as state:
Esthetic state {shape|
Structural description of language in time-space terms
In effect, the theory can be summarized heretofore with two conceptual axes. The first is that the human psyche is constantly torn between movement to parallel universe without a definition of time to movement to one human universe in which time is defined. At the same time, the psyche is torn between awareness of energy and awareness of mass. The representation of the first pole of the two axes provide the concept of disassembly, while the other end of the two axes provides the concept of assembly. This is somewhat reminiscent of the term of entropy and the wording of the second law of thermodynamics.
In any case, these four poles may be combined to form an interesting tension between time and space. On the one hand, the subject disassembles into existence in terms without time, while on the other hand the subject assembles into a concept of space that manifests in that of mass.
I hall now formulate and demonstrate this using a primal exploration of language.
A sentence follows
David annoyed me at work today
Me is a word that represents the subject. David is the human object talked about vis-à-vis the subject. Annoyed is the verb that represents time and space because the action occurs in the space of the subject. Today is a word representing time and work represents a space. In other words, this sentence has a tension on the time-space-time-space axis. And the object-time-space-object-time-space axis.
Another sentence is analyzed.
John showed me a script he gave to Karen.
The object-time-space-object-time-space axis appears again.
In effect, in these two sentences there is a balance between the number of representations of time and the number of representations of space. These sentences are called balanced. The ratio between representations is one. A function that describes the ratio between time representations and space representations may be composed. The ratio here is one.
On the other hand, read the following sentence:
Today I met the mother of my youth
The subject is in the phrase “I met”. The phrase contains a verb, i.e. there is a combination of time and space here. In addition, there is a start in the sentence with a time concept. The word mother represents the object and the phrase "my youth" also represents the concept of time because this is a time for the subject. To summarize – the axis here is time-space-time-subject-object-time. In other words, here there are more words of time than of space. This is a charged sentence. It has tension in the concept of time. F, which represents the ratio between time and space, is greater than 1.
Finally, the following sentence is analyzed.
My brother has two little girls
The subject is in the word “my”. The brother is the object. Two little girls represents space. In other words, there is no clear representation of time in the language apart from the fact that this is a factual present tense sentence. The F ratio approaches zero. This is a spatially charged sentence.
The words can be described using three axes, x and y for space and t for time. All the words in the language are located in this cube, on different planes. The word today represents the t axis, whereas house is located more on xy. I walked is located on the middle plane between xyt. I traveled – belongs more on the plane near t compare to I walked, because the speed of the action is greater.
Of a state of insight
The state of insight can be likened to super-position in physics. This term describes an unclear position in which a photon knows whether to become a wave or a particle. In effect, the unconscious subject moves away from the true universe. Concepts of time and space are not defined. There is only an associative connection. This connection is not time dependent or space dependent. Each link in the endless chains in the mesh is independent of time and space, but is linked to these concepts. Here there is criticism for Deluez and Guattari because they assert that the body without organs acts according to real physical laws, i.e. the universe. This is a mistake because in the unconsciousness, legality is not random, genuine and physical, but a law that depends on the associative context, which is detached from time and space. Therefore, it can be asserted that the desire not move from the other to the unconscious subject. The other has constant dialectics regarding the unconscious subject. This is reminiscent of the machine in Deluez and Guattari and Hegel, and the concept of the spirit of time.
Of the energy concept
Freud’s concept of energy manifests in libido. In effect, this definition may be expanded by stating that energy is not the result of the physical, cosmic concept of energy. This is the energy released by the big bang.
Of the therapist’s language and its use in analysis
In effect, a dialectic process occurs in therapy. It can be assumed that the patient arrives because unconsciously, there is a violation of the concept of time and space. The patient is not adjusted to the rhythm of his surroundings. In effect, the therapist directs the patient to the rhythm of his surroundings. The process is performed through language. The therapist grants the patient the concept of space and time and the patient draws energy and a collective time concept from the therapist.
In effect, there is a therapeutic dialectic. As soon as the patient looks for a concept of time, the therapist grants the concept of space. By reflecting in language. A soon as a seeker of space grants the therapist a concept of time by stating an action or time. This is somewhat reminiscent of the dialectic of positions of Melanie Klein. It is schizoid on the one hand and depressive on the other. On the one hand the concept of time, and that of space on the other. As noted, the granting of time forms a schizoid split while the granting of space convey depressive coherence.
Of Hegel’s harmony
What is a harmonious state? What is man’s harmonious state before nature? Hegel poses this question, and I attempt to answer it here. A harmonious state is one of overlap between the cog of randomness of reality, and the non-random cog in the unconscious. In a momentary state in which there is an overlap between randomness and the unconscious, there is harmony, i.e. equilibrium between man and nature. The more the cogs creak, the greater the gap in the concept of time and space and dissociation occurs.
Of the source of violence in the world
In effect, Piera Aulagnier, in her concept of initial violence, gives a good definition of the source of initial violence in the subject. Its source is forcing pleasure on the newborn. This definition may be broadened and formulated as forcing randomness on the non-random. The mother forces the concept of time space and lack of randomness onto the newborn. This is the source of violence. Manifestations of violence in the world involve these three concepts, which are forced upon us without our experiences of the world, for the first time.
It would be interesting to find the political concepts of this approach to violence.
The question that I wish to discuss further in this writing is about therapeutic discourse. A question that centers theory is what order of words should the therapist reflect to the patient. A space word to a space word on the part of the patient or a time word to a space word on the part of the patient? I shall try to answer this dilemma with the help of Melanie Klein’s theory of schizo-paranoid and depressive attitudes and physical questions that not everyone will like here.
Klein’s model
The beginning of object relations is related to the name of Melanie Klein, who opted to devote herself to the therapy of children. The basic assumption was that psychotherapy for children could not use the method of free associations, so in order to allow children to express their emotions, Klein stated that they could do so by acting, each child being able to talk about his emotions, ambitions, imagination and fears. Klein opted to develop gradually a new model of understanding the personality, like Erikson – but while he chose to expand it “forwards”, to old age, she decided to expand it “backwards”, to the earliest experiences of life, while emphasizing the inner world of the infant in his first year. Klein divides the first year in the infant’s life into two psychological modalities that he referred to as “positions”. A position is a method of psychological organization with a characteristic form of anxieties, defense mechanisms and object relations.
While Klein divides the first year into two positions, the infant passing from one into the other while developing and growing, there is a transition between positions that characterize adult life too.
Positions
In the beginning of his life, the infant still cannot perceive his mother (the object) as a complete figure and he relates only to parts of her, the breast: as long as the object provides the child milk and soothing, it is considered “good”, but when the breast empties, it is considered “bad”, it frustrates the child and appears dangerous to him. The infant does not understand that this is the same breast that at different times it divides the two aspects of the mother.
Klein accepted the ideas of Freud concerning the power struggles between life and death and held that the infant is subject to this struggle from his first days and has to cope with the anxiety that they cause. Therefore he tries to get rid of them. He projects his Thanatos outward by projection and relates destructive intent to his surroundings, his mother and in particular her breast, so they are experienced as threatening.
If the child fails to solve his basic anxieties, he will develop paranoia and schizophrenia.
The depressive position
When the infant experiences more good experiences than bad and perceives his mother to be whole, he also perceives that there are good experience and bad ones, originating from the same mother. This is an important developmental achievement. However, he understands that he has sentiments of both hatred and love towards his mother – who is perceived by now as a complete rather than a partial object. So the infant is anxious that his destructive forces will cause him to harm his mother, thus losing her good aspects that he needs. This is depressive anxiety that is characteristic of the depressive position.
The healthy personality will cope with this anxiety by a “correction” that has a realistic aspect to it – meaning that he can live happily with the loving and aggressive parts of himself, which will form a firm basis for successful relations with others.
Theoretical continuation
As I described in my first article, the words space and time can affect attitudes. The word time entails, for the therapist, reflection of the word time, thus forming continuity that allows the discourse to continue, or the word time reflecting a pace word causes a physical completion, thus allowing the discourse to continue. This is the dilemma. Repeating or completing the word, thus approaching the depressive position, in which the subject perceives the whole object.
Physical background of Bohr’s complementarity
Bohr continued to develop Rutherford’s activity of the nuclear atom, whereby the atom I composed of a positive nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. A serious problem in this model was that like every accelerated charged body, the orbiting electrons were meant to emit energy, and their orbits were meant to be spirals that fell into the nucleus. Neither did the model explain the energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom. In 1913, to solve these problems, Bohr proposed a quantum theory, much like Planck and Einstein before him. He assumed that electron could move only in orbitals in which their angular momentum would be a whole multiple of a fundamental unit - , Plank’s constant divided by 2π. This assumption was sufficient for the model to give the expected energy model. According to this model, the only way for an atom to lose or gain energy was to switch from orbital to orbital. In 1922, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics for this work (his son, Aage, also won the Nobel Prize for physics, in 1975). In 1916 her returned to Copenhagen and became a professor of physics there. He continued to develop quantum mechanics, and headed the Copenhagen School, which advocated probability interpretation for quantum mechanics (see also Copenhagen interpretation). He therefore became a fierce rival of his close friend Albert Einstein, who picturesquely asserted that “God does not play dice”. Bohr retorted with: “Stop telling God what to do”. Today, the interpretation of the Copenhagen school is considered obsolete, but it contributed to quantum theory the concept of complementarity that Bohr coined, whereby properties of a quantum object that we cannot determine simultaneously with precision (such as the velocity and location of an electron, or whether a photon is a wave or a particle), actually exist as complementary properties. When Bohr was asked whether this definition could dispute the substance of science as a striving for certain knowledge, he answered (in a slightly humorous way that nonetheless certainly represented Bohr’s opinion of the essence of scientific investigation) “truth and certainty are also complementary to each other”.
So what does Bohr’s approach to understanding the analyst’s approach? Complementarity supports a the complementary model, i.e. the granting of a space word to a time word, thus contributing to accepting the mother as a whole. Will we agree to this? Not so quickly.
Piera Aulagnier, a French psychoanalyst, formed the concept of forcing language onto the subject. I discussed this in my first article. She contributes to the discussion in that the more re deal with complementary processes of time space, we force language onto the newborn. This forms force back, an important term in psychoanalysis that involves the patient’s regression.
In other word, maybe repeating space space rather than space time words will advance the analyst’s discourse.
In summary, a combined approach that includes therapeutic dynamics may be formed. Excess reversion that returns the patient to the schizo-paranoid position causes anxiety in the patient, which requires relief from anxiety as an adjunct (space word to a time word), while continuing the discourse requires giving back (space word to a space word), thus causing a little anxiety and dealing with the subject's fundamental impulses.
Hugh Everett, Relative State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics, Reviews of Modern Physics vol 29, (1957) pp 454-462.
Benvenuto, Bice; Kennedy, Roger, The Works of Jacques Lacan (London, 1986, Free Association Books.)
Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Félix , Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem and Helen R. Lane (London and New York: Continuum, 2004
Anthony Bateman and Jeremy Holmes, Introduction to Psychoanalysis: Contemporary Theory & Practice (London: Routledge, 1995)
P. Grosskurth, Melanie Klein: Her World and Her Work, Karnac Books 1987
Niels Bohr: The Man, His Science, and the World They Changed, by Ruth Moore
Ronald W. Clark (1971). Einstein: The Life and Times, Avon
Piera Aulagnier (1975), The Violence of Interpretation. Sussex: Brunner-Routledge, 2001
Theodor W. Adorno, Hegel: Three Studies. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994, translated by Shierry M. Nicholsen, with an introduction by Shierry M. Nicholsen and Jeremy J. Shapiro
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